冠词基本用法

         当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

         1、定冠词的基本用法：

         ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.

⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths

⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

2、不定冠词的基本用法：

① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver.  Longjing is a wonderful tea.

③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）

⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The concert is a great success. （a great success译"成功的音乐会"）

　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

3、不用冠词的情况：

① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）

② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

④ 季节、月份、星期等时间名词前，一般不用冠词。如：in spring; on Monday, in May

⑤ 表示称呼的名词和呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：New Year's Day 新年, Lunar New Year's Day春节, National Day国庆节, May Day五一节, Carnival狂欢节,Easter复活节, Christmas圣诞节, Halloween万圣节, April Fools' Day愚人节 但某些节假日前加定冠词: the Spring Festival春节, the Mid-Autumn Day中秋节

⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

三、 强化训练

（一） 单项选择题

1（2007 福建 22）—How about ______ Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was ______  success.

A.a; a  B.The; a   C.a;不填 D.the; 不填 

2 （2007 北京卷 22） I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week.

A.the; a      B. the:  the        C. 不填；the      D. the:;不填   

3 （2007 重庆卷 24）Gorge couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.   A. /; the      B. the; /    C. a; /       D. /; a     

4 （2007 全国卷II 19） —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons , please?

—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.   A. the; the B. the; a    C. /; the D. the; /           答案：B

5 （2007 四川 22） How about taking ______ short break? I want to make _______ call．

A．the；a       B．a；the       C．the；the      D．a；a            

6 .（2007 浙江 4）  I like _____ color of your skirt. It is _____ good match for your blouse.

 A. a; the       B. a; a         C. the; a    D. the; the               

7.（2007 辽宁 21） Chrismas is _____ special holiday when _______ whole family are supposed to get together.

A. the, the      B. a, a       C. the, a           D. a, the         

8.（2007 湖南 23）Polar bears live mostly on______ sea ice, which they use as ______platform for hunting seals.

A. a; a          B. a; the        C. 不填; a           D. the; 不填         

1.The little boy often has____big breakfast，so he looks really strong.   A．the    B．／    C．a     D  an

2．October l st is___National Day  of____People’s Republic of china.

A．a；the    B．／；／    C．／；the   D the；／

3．Things of__ kind come together；people of___kind fall into__same group

A．the；the；the    B．a；a；the  C．the；the；a    D  a；a；a

4．Mr．BIack went to____cinema last Sunday，while his wife went to______church．

A．the；the    B．／；／    C．／；the    D the；／

5．He is____friend of____writer’s.   A．／：the    B．a；the    C．a；a    D a；／

6—What  is  the population of China?   —China has____population of l．3 billion．

 A．the；the    B．a；a    C．a；the    D the；a

（二） 用a,an,the和零冠词填空

1．Most of____houses in the small town were destroyed by __  extraordinary big flood in July．

2．The education of ___young is always ____ hot and serious topic in the modern society．

3．Reading is ___ good habit．Stick to it，and you will make___ great progress.

4．___ recent report says that all ____ sea water will be polluted by 2040．

（三） 改错题

1.．My uncle is a principal of the No．1 Middle School" 

2．It is known to all that an earth moves around a moon.

3．The Philippine Islands are to south of our country.

4．My sister is learning a flute．

5．He is a only man to fit for the job．

6．There is a “s” in the word．

（四） 创新试题

1．一 What in ____ world do you like most in _____ world?

一 I hope  _____  world is _____peaceful and fair world.

A．the；the；the；the    B．／；the；the；／ C．／；the；the；a       D．the；the；the；a

2．As we all know．____life is hard for any of us. If we live___ happy life，we must all work harder.

  A．／：／    B．／；a     C．a；／     D．a；a

四、 学习建议

1.根据知识网络将冠词的基本用法记牢，这是你做好试题的前提。

2.熟悉一些名词的用法，和冠词结合。有很多不可数名词，有时候被具体化的情况，也是考查的重点。

3. 多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。